Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration

One of the most spectacular chemistry demonstrations is also one of the simplest. Its the dehydration of sugar (sucrose) with sulfuric acid. Basically, all you do to perform this demonstration is put ordinary table sugar in a glass beaker and stir in some concentrated sulfuric acid (you can dampen the sugar with a small volume of water before adding the sulfuric acid). The sulfuric acid removes water from the sugar in a highly exothermic reaction, releasing heat, steam, and sulfur oxide fumes. Aside from the sulfurous odor, the reaction smells a lot like caramel. The white sugar turns into a black carbonized tube that pushes itself out of the beaker. Chemistry Demonstration Sugar is a carbohydrate, so when you remove the water from the molecule, youre basically left with elemental carbon. The dehydration reaction is a type of elimination reaction. C12H22O11 (sugar) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) → 12 C (carbon) 11 H2O (water) mixture water and acid Although the sugar is dehydrated, the water isnt lost in the reaction. Some of it remains as a liquid in the acid. Since the reaction is exothermic, much of the water is boiled off as steam. Safety Precautions If you do this demonstration, use proper safety precautions. Whenever you deal with concentrated sulfuric acid, you should wear gloves, eye protection, and a lab coat. Consider the beaker a loss, since scraping burnt sugar and carbon off of it isnt an easy task. Its preferable to perform the demonstration inside of a fume hood.

Military Cadences Essay - 3960 Words

Pop Cultural Elements of Military Cadences HUT, TWO, THREE, FOUR...HUT, TWO, THREE, FOUR... What do a bunch of grunts calling out raunchy marching cadences have to do with pop culture? Theres more to the cadence then just keeping soldiers in step, there is a deep sense of pride, patriotism, unity, motivation, and nostalgia, which can be found within these songs. The Military cadence is used to motivate, inspire, and foster company cohesiveness while keeping soldiers steps in time and hands down the rich oral traditions of the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air force. The cadence is a song sung when marching or running and the songs require a caller, who normally sets the pace and leads the formation. Like robots, the†¦show more content†¦And the same holds true for the other branches with different conceptions about each other. Therefore, a cadence might be made to reflect this branch differentiation, carrying this legacy of prejudice on. However, there is a common understanding and respect for each branches capabilities and how they contribute to a strategic battle plan and the defense of the United States as a member of the military subculture. Follow Me! OH! Soldier! Combat soldier! Pick up your weapon and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry Hey theyre Airborne! Head-in-the-clouds Airborne! Wrap up your chute and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Hey their Air Assault! Rotor-head Air Assault! Pick up your rope and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Hey their Light Fight! Freeze at night Light Fight! Strap on your boots and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Hey Marine Corps! Bullet-sponge Marine Corps! Pick up your rifle and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Hey theyre Navy! Water logged navy! Jump in your sub and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry Hey theyre Air Force! Dont shoot! Im friendly- Air Force! Hop in your plane and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Oh Soldier! Combat Soldier! Jump in your track and follow me! I am Mechanized Infantry! Example: They say that in the Army the coffees mighty fine. Who said that? They say that in the Army the coffees mighty fine. It looks like muddyShow MoreRelated Pop Cultural Elements of Military Cadences Essay3833 Words   |  16 PagesPop Cultural Elements of Military Cadences HUT, TWO, THREE, FOUR...HUT, TWO, THREE, FOUR...† What do a bunch of grunts calling out raunchy marching cadences have to do with pop culture? There’s more to the cadence then just keeping soldiers in step, there is a deep sense of pride, patriotism, unity, motivation, and nostalgia, which can be found within these songs. The Military cadence is used to motivate, inspire, and foster company cohesiveness while keeping soldiers steps in time and handsRead MoreSuite E Major ( See Appendix B )1952 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribed as being influenced by European music while maintaining a an American character (Crawford Hamberlin, 2013). 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Fall Prevention Community Dwelling Older People

Question: Discuss about the Fall Preventionfor Community Dwelling Older People. Answer: Falls Education to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review Introduction Falls are a devastating problem in patients who are older and are recognized to be a major health issue. Fall can be defined as coming to rest on the ground or other lower level inadvertently which does excludes the change in the position mediated with an intention to rest on furniture or another object (1). In a community, older people above 65 years of age are susceptible to fall once per year, and 50% of these people have recurrent falls (2, 3). Older people above 65 years are highly represented in 80% of the hospital admissions due to fall-induced injury (2). The susceptibility of older people towards fall and injury increases and is attributed to age-related psychological changes. Other factors include high prevalence of comorbidities and delayed functional recovery increasing the further risk of falls (4). Fall-induced injuries in community dwelling elderly patients includes functional impairment, longstanding pain, disability and death (2). Fall and its associated consequences are responsible for increasing health care costs, a significant part of which is preventable. In the year 2008, the cost due to falling induced injuries among older adults was reported to be $1.6 billion in the United Kingdom and $23.3 billion in the United States (4). The healthcare expenditure due to fall and their consequences is estimated to reach $55 billion by the year 2020 (3). The psychological consequences due to fall are many and mainly includes fear of recurrent falls, reduction in social interactions, loss of confidence, and decrease in physical function due to a self restriction of daily activities (5). Fall prevention is not an easy task. The injuries induced by fall together with disabilities and impairments complicate the whole event which may or may not increase the opportunities to fall (2). The commonly recommended interventions for fall prevention and its associated injuries are exercise programs, systemic assessments of fall risk, targeted interventions, inspection of environmental hazards, and programs for hazard reduction (6). Education programs, environmental modification, and medication optimization are other interventions for preventing falls and adverse consequences associated with it (6). Some studies have evaluated single interventions while others have used more than one component. Based on the individual risk assessment a patient can be delivered with multiple component interventions also called as multifactorial intervention or all the patients can be provided with same components also known as multiple interventions" (5). Fall prevention interventions aim at redu cing the risk of fall by minimizing the exposure to risk factor. The interventions aim for correcting the behavioral, environmental and other putative factors for risk of falls in the older community. The multifactorial intervention programs include exercises for improving balance and strength, patient education on risk factors of fall to increase awareness, modification of environment to increase patient safety and optimization of health by clinical management (7). References World Health Organization. WHO Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age 2007. Available from: https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Falls_prevention7March.pdf. Kannus P, Sievnen H, Palvanen M, Jrvinen T, Parkkari J. Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in older adults. The Lancet. 2005;366(9500):1885-93. Jeon MY, Jeong H, Petrofsky J, Lee H, Yim J. Effects of a randomized controlled recurrent fall prevention program on risk factors for falls in frail elderly living at home in rural communities. Medical Science Monitor. 2014;20:2283-91. Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas. 2013;75(1):51-61. Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9(11). Lee H-C, Chang K-C, Tsauo J-Y, Hung J-W, Huang Y-C, Lin S-I. Effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on fall incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risk of falls. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2013;94(4):606-15. e1. Steinberg M, Cartwright C, Peel N, Williams G. A sustainable programme to prevent falls and near falls in community dwelling older people: results of a randomised trial. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health. 2000;54(3):227-32.